Uso do fluoreto de sódio como dessensibilizante no clareamento dental: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v26i2.11696Palavras-chave:
Clareamento dental, Flúor, Senbilidade da DentinaResumo
Objetivo: Verificar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a efetividade do uso do fluoreto de sódio como dessensibilizante para casos de sensibilidade induzida por clareamento dental. Resultados: O clareamento dentário tornou-se um dos procedimentos estéticos mais procurados na odontologia. Atualmente, existem duas técnicas supervisionadas por dentistas: o clareamento caseiro e o de consultório. Os materiais mais utilizados são o peróxido de carbamida e o de hidrogênio, respectivamente. O clareamento dental baseia-se na premissa de que o peróxido de hidrogênio penetra na estrutura dentária para interagir com os cromóforos orgânicos. Embora o protocolo de clareamento exija o uso de agentes oxidantes de baixa concentração, a sensibilidade dentária ainda está presente e pode ser considerado o principal efeito adverso da técnica de clareamento. Para minimizar este problema, a aplicação tópica de dessensibilizantes antes e após o clareamento dentário tem mostrado bons resultados na redução da intensidade de sensibilidade. Considerações finais: Mediante revisão apresentada, constatou-se que fluoreto de sódio quando utilizado após o protocolo clareador, como dessensibilizante, não elimina a sensibilidade, mas diminui a intensidade da dor. Quando utilizado antes do clareamento dental, não apresenta resultados positivos. Ademais, salienta-se que quando o fluoreto é incorporado no gel clareador, resulta em menor desmineralização do esmalte dentário.
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Referências
1. Meireles SS, Santos IS, Bona A Della, Demarco FF. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of two carbamide peroxide tooth bleaching agents: 2-year follow-up. J. Dent. 2010;38(12):956–963.
2. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881–97.
3. Rezende M, Coppla FM, Chemin K, Chibinski AC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Tooth Sensitivity after Dental Bleaching with a Desensitizer-containing and a Desensitizer-free Bleaching Gel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper. Dent. 2019;44(2):E58–E74.
4. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Tooth whitening/bleaching: treatment considerations for dentists and their patients. Chicago ADA. 2009;2009(September 2009):1–12.
5. Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2015;27(5):240–257.
6. Kashima-Tanaka M, Tsujimoto Y, Kawamoto K, Senda N, Ito K, Yamazaki M. Generation of free radicals and/or active oxygen by light or laser irradiation of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. J. Endod. 2003;29(2):141–143.
7. Parreiras SO, Szesz AL, Coppla FM, Martini EC, Farago PV, Loguercio AD, et al. Effect of an experimental desensitizing agent on reduction of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018;149(4):281–290.
8. Brännström M. The hydrodynamic theory of dentinal pain: Sensation in preparations, caries, and the dentinal crack syndrome. J. Endod. 1986;12(10):453–457.
9. Min KS, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Lee SK, Kim HR, Pae HO, et al. Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein mRNA in Human Pulp Cells. J. Endod. 2008;34(8):983–989.
10. Costa R, Moraes S, Lemos C, SoutoMaior J, Vasconcelos B do E, Pellizzer E. Effect of Analgesic Drugs on Tooth Sensitivity Induced by In-office Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper. Dent. 2019;
11. Faria-E-Silva AL, Nahsan FPS, Fernandes MTG, Martins-Filho PRS. Effect of preventive use of nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs on sensitivity after dental bleaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2015;146(2):87-93.e1.
12. Tay LY, Kose C, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Assessing the Effect of a Desensitizing Agent Used Before In-office Tooth Bleaching. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2009;140(10):1245–1251.
13. Wang Y, Gao J, Jiang T, Liang S, Zhou Y, Matis BA. Evaluation of the efficacy of potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride as desensitizing agents during tooth bleaching treatment - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2015;43(8):913–923.
14. Maghaireh GA, Alzraikat H, Guidoum A. Assessment of the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on postoperative sensitivity associated with in-office vital tooth whitening. Oper. Dent. 2014;39(3):239–247.
15. Armênio R V, Fitarelli F, Armênio F, Demarco FF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. The Effect of Fluoride Gel Use on Bleaching Sensitivity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2008;139(5):592–597.
16. Bollineni S, Janga RK, Venugopal L, Reddy IR, Babu RP, Kumar SS. Role of fluoridated carbamide peroxide whitening gel in the remineralization of demineralized enamel: An in vitro study. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 2014;4(2):117.
17. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard Vital Bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1989;20(3):173–176.
18. Gallagher A, Maggio B, Bowman J, Borden L, Mason S, Heather F. Clinical Study to Compare Two In-Office (Chairside) Whitening Systems. J Clin Dent. 2002;13(6):219–224.
19. Dahl J, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching—A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292–304.
20. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent. J. 2014;26(2):33–46.
21. Price RB, Sedarous M, Hiltz GS. The pH of Tooth-Whitening Products. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000;66(8):421–426.
22. Bowles WH, Ugwuneri Z. Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. J. Endod. 1987;13(8):375–377.
23. Fuss Z, Szajkis S, Tagger M. Tubular permeability to calcium hydroxide and to bleaching agents. J. Endod. 1989;15(8):362–364.
24. Hermans N, Cos P, Maes L, Bruyne T De, Berghe D Vanden, J. Vlietinck A, et al. Challenges and Pitfalls in Antioxidant Research. Curr. Med. Chem. 2007;14(4):417–430.
25. Neville B w., Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Anormalidades dentárias. In: editor. Patologia oral e maxilofacial. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009. p. 69–73.
26. Viscio D, Gaffar A, Fakhry-Smith S, Xu T. Present and Future Technologies of Tooth Whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;28:36–43.
27. Dillenburg ÁLK, Conceição EN. Clareamento dental. In: Conceição EN, editor. Dentística Saúde e Estética. São Paulo: Artmed; 2007. p. 235–262.
28. Haywood VB. Current Status of Nightguard Vital Bleaching. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(28):S10–S48.
29. Pintado-Palomino K, Peitl Filho O, Zanotto ED, Tirapelli C. A clinical, randomized, controlled study on the use of desensitizing agents during tooth bleaching. J. Dent. 2015;43(9):1099–1105.
30. Martini EC, Parreiras SO, Szesz AL, Coppla FM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity with application of a desensitizing gel before and after in-office bleaching: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Investig. 2019;24(1):385–394.
31. Jorgensen MC, Carroll WB. Incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2002;133(8):1076–1082.
32. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski M V. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1994;125(10):1330–1335.
33. Cooper JS, Bokmeyer TJ, Bowles WH. Penetration of the pulp chamber by carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. J. Endod. 1992;18(7):315–317.
34. Hanks CT, Fat JC, Corcoran JF, Wataha JC. Cytotoxicity and Dentin Permeability of Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Vital Bleaching Materials, in vitro. J. Dent. Res. 1993;72(5):931–938.
35. Thitinanthapan W, Satamanont P, Vongsavan N. In vitro penetration of the pulp chamber by three brands of carbamide peroxide. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 1999;11(5):259–264.
36. Haywood VB. Treating sensitivity during tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(9):11–20.
37. Markowitz K. Pretty painful: Why does tooth bleaching hurt? Med. Hypotheses. 2010;74(5):835–840.
38. Rauen CA, Filho JCC, Bittencourt BF, Gomes GM, Gomes JC, Gomes OMM. Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability. Braz J Oral Sci. 2015;14(4):262–266.
39. Cavalli V, Rodrigues LKA, Paes-Leme AF, Soares LES, Martin AA, Berger SB, et al. Effects of the addition of fluoride and calcium to low-concentrated carbamide peroxide agents on the enamel surface and subsurface. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2011;29(5):319–325.
40. Klaric E, Rakic M, Sever I, Milat O, Par M, Tarle Z. Enamel and dentin microhardness and chemical composition after experimental light-activated bleaching. Oper. Dent. 2015;40(4):E132–E141.
41. Kyaw KY, Otsuki M, Segarra MS, Tagami J. Effect of sodium fluoride pretreatment on the efficacy of an in-office bleaching agent: An in vitro study. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2018;4(4):113–118.
42. Oldoini G, Bruno A, Genovesi AM, Parisi L. Effects of amorphous calcium phosphate administration on dental sensitivity during in-office and at-home interventions. Dent. J. 2018;6(4):1–8.
43. Usai P, Campanella V, Sotgiu G, Spano G, Pinna R, Eramo S, et al. Effectiveness of calcium phosphate desensitising agents in dental hypersensitivity over 24 weeks of clinical evaluation. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(12):1–10.
44. Gladwell J, Simmons D, Wright JT. Carbamide Peroxide Whitening Gel. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2006;18:206–213.
45. Wierichs RJ, Musiol J, Erdwey D, Esteves-Oliveira M, Apel C, Meyer-Lueckel H. Re- and demineralization characteristics of dentin depending on fluoride application and baseline characteristics in situ. J. Dent. 2020;94(January):103305.
46. China ALP, Souza NM, Gomes Y do SB de L, Alexandrino LD, Silva CM. Effect of Fluoride Gels on Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bleached Enamel. Open Dent. J. 2014;8:188–193.
47. Lewinstein I, Fuhrer N, Churaru N, Cardash H. Effect of different peroxide bleaching regimens and subsequent fluoridation on the hardness of human enamel and dentin. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2004 Oct;92(4):337–342.
48. Greenhill JD, Pashley DH. The effects of post-extraction time on the hydraulic conductance of human dentine in vitro. J. Dent. Res. 1981;60(3):686–698.
49. Yilmaz NA, Ertas E, OrucoÄŸlu H. Evaluation of Five Different Desensitizers: A Comparative Dentin Permeability and SEM Investigation In Vitro. Open Dent. J. 2017;11(1):15–33.
50. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL, Serra MC. The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2003;134(10):1335–1342.
51. Reis A, Dalanhol A, Cunha T, Kossatz S, Loguercio A. Assessment of Tooth Sensitivity Using a Desensitizer Before Light-activated Bleaching. Oper. Dent. 2011;36(1):12–17.
52. Palé M, Mayoral JR, Llopis J, Vallés M, Basilio J, Roig M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an in-office bleaching system and the effect of potassium nitrate as a desensitizing agent. Odontology. 2014;102(2):203–210.
53. Hodosh M. A superior desensitizer--potassium nitrate. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1974;88(4):831–832.
54. Featherstone JDB, Cutress TW, Rodgers BE, Dennison PJ. Remineralization of Artificial Caries-Like Lesions in vivo by a self-Administered Mouthrinse or Paste. Caries Res. 1982;16:235–242.
55. Crescente CL, Pinto CF. Análise da sensibilidade após o uso prévio de dessensibilizantes em clareamento dental. Rev. Bras. Odontol. 2016;73(1):34–8.
56. Britto MML. Avaliação clinica do efeito do fluoreto de sodio sobre a sensibilidade dentinaria, a saude gengival e a satisfação do paciente durante o clareamento dental caseiro com peroxido de carbamida a 10% [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2020 Sep 23];Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289126
2. Kielbassa AM, Maier M, Gieren A-K, Eliav E. Tooth sensitivity during and after vital tooth bleaching: A systematic review on an unsolved problem. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(10):881–97.
3. Rezende M, Coppla FM, Chemin K, Chibinski AC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Tooth Sensitivity after Dental Bleaching with a Desensitizer-containing and a Desensitizer-free Bleaching Gel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper. Dent. 2019;44(2):E58–E74.
4. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Tooth whitening/bleaching: treatment considerations for dentists and their patients. Chicago ADA. 2009;2009(September 2009):1–12.
5. Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2015;27(5):240–257.
6. Kashima-Tanaka M, Tsujimoto Y, Kawamoto K, Senda N, Ito K, Yamazaki M. Generation of free radicals and/or active oxygen by light or laser irradiation of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. J. Endod. 2003;29(2):141–143.
7. Parreiras SO, Szesz AL, Coppla FM, Martini EC, Farago PV, Loguercio AD, et al. Effect of an experimental desensitizing agent on reduction of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018;149(4):281–290.
8. Brännström M. The hydrodynamic theory of dentinal pain: Sensation in preparations, caries, and the dentinal crack syndrome. J. Endod. 1986;12(10):453–457.
9. Min KS, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Lee SK, Kim HR, Pae HO, et al. Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein mRNA in Human Pulp Cells. J. Endod. 2008;34(8):983–989.
10. Costa R, Moraes S, Lemos C, SoutoMaior J, Vasconcelos B do E, Pellizzer E. Effect of Analgesic Drugs on Tooth Sensitivity Induced by In-office Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper. Dent. 2019;
11. Faria-E-Silva AL, Nahsan FPS, Fernandes MTG, Martins-Filho PRS. Effect of preventive use of nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs on sensitivity after dental bleaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2015;146(2):87-93.e1.
12. Tay LY, Kose C, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Assessing the Effect of a Desensitizing Agent Used Before In-office Tooth Bleaching. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2009;140(10):1245–1251.
13. Wang Y, Gao J, Jiang T, Liang S, Zhou Y, Matis BA. Evaluation of the efficacy of potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride as desensitizing agents during tooth bleaching treatment - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2015;43(8):913–923.
14. Maghaireh GA, Alzraikat H, Guidoum A. Assessment of the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on postoperative sensitivity associated with in-office vital tooth whitening. Oper. Dent. 2014;39(3):239–247.
15. Armênio R V, Fitarelli F, Armênio F, Demarco FF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. The Effect of Fluoride Gel Use on Bleaching Sensitivity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2008;139(5):592–597.
16. Bollineni S, Janga RK, Venugopal L, Reddy IR, Babu RP, Kumar SS. Role of fluoridated carbamide peroxide whitening gel in the remineralization of demineralized enamel: An in vitro study. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 2014;4(2):117.
17. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard Vital Bleaching. Quintessence Int. 1989;20(3):173–176.
18. Gallagher A, Maggio B, Bowman J, Borden L, Mason S, Heather F. Clinical Study to Compare Two In-Office (Chairside) Whitening Systems. J Clin Dent. 2002;13(6):219–224.
19. Dahl J, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching—A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(4):292–304.
20. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent. J. 2014;26(2):33–46.
21. Price RB, Sedarous M, Hiltz GS. The pH of Tooth-Whitening Products. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000;66(8):421–426.
22. Bowles WH, Ugwuneri Z. Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. J. Endod. 1987;13(8):375–377.
23. Fuss Z, Szajkis S, Tagger M. Tubular permeability to calcium hydroxide and to bleaching agents. J. Endod. 1989;15(8):362–364.
24. Hermans N, Cos P, Maes L, Bruyne T De, Berghe D Vanden, J. Vlietinck A, et al. Challenges and Pitfalls in Antioxidant Research. Curr. Med. Chem. 2007;14(4):417–430.
25. Neville B w., Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Anormalidades dentárias. In: editor. Patologia oral e maxilofacial. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009. p. 69–73.
26. Viscio D, Gaffar A, Fakhry-Smith S, Xu T. Present and Future Technologies of Tooth Whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;28:36–43.
27. Dillenburg ÁLK, Conceição EN. Clareamento dental. In: Conceição EN, editor. Dentística Saúde e Estética. São Paulo: Artmed; 2007. p. 235–262.
28. Haywood VB. Current Status of Nightguard Vital Bleaching. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(28):S10–S48.
29. Pintado-Palomino K, Peitl Filho O, Zanotto ED, Tirapelli C. A clinical, randomized, controlled study on the use of desensitizing agents during tooth bleaching. J. Dent. 2015;43(9):1099–1105.
30. Martini EC, Parreiras SO, Szesz AL, Coppla FM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity with application of a desensitizing gel before and after in-office bleaching: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Investig. 2019;24(1):385–394.
31. Jorgensen MC, Carroll WB. Incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2002;133(8):1076–1082.
32. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski M V. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1994;125(10):1330–1335.
33. Cooper JS, Bokmeyer TJ, Bowles WH. Penetration of the pulp chamber by carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. J. Endod. 1992;18(7):315–317.
34. Hanks CT, Fat JC, Corcoran JF, Wataha JC. Cytotoxicity and Dentin Permeability of Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Vital Bleaching Materials, in vitro. J. Dent. Res. 1993;72(5):931–938.
35. Thitinanthapan W, Satamanont P, Vongsavan N. In vitro penetration of the pulp chamber by three brands of carbamide peroxide. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 1999;11(5):259–264.
36. Haywood VB. Treating sensitivity during tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(9):11–20.
37. Markowitz K. Pretty painful: Why does tooth bleaching hurt? Med. Hypotheses. 2010;74(5):835–840.
38. Rauen CA, Filho JCC, Bittencourt BF, Gomes GM, Gomes JC, Gomes OMM. Effect of bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on enamel microhardness, roughness and permeability. Braz J Oral Sci. 2015;14(4):262–266.
39. Cavalli V, Rodrigues LKA, Paes-Leme AF, Soares LES, Martin AA, Berger SB, et al. Effects of the addition of fluoride and calcium to low-concentrated carbamide peroxide agents on the enamel surface and subsurface. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2011;29(5):319–325.
40. Klaric E, Rakic M, Sever I, Milat O, Par M, Tarle Z. Enamel and dentin microhardness and chemical composition after experimental light-activated bleaching. Oper. Dent. 2015;40(4):E132–E141.
41. Kyaw KY, Otsuki M, Segarra MS, Tagami J. Effect of sodium fluoride pretreatment on the efficacy of an in-office bleaching agent: An in vitro study. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2018;4(4):113–118.
42. Oldoini G, Bruno A, Genovesi AM, Parisi L. Effects of amorphous calcium phosphate administration on dental sensitivity during in-office and at-home interventions. Dent. J. 2018;6(4):1–8.
43. Usai P, Campanella V, Sotgiu G, Spano G, Pinna R, Eramo S, et al. Effectiveness of calcium phosphate desensitising agents in dental hypersensitivity over 24 weeks of clinical evaluation. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(12):1–10.
44. Gladwell J, Simmons D, Wright JT. Carbamide Peroxide Whitening Gel. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2006;18:206–213.
45. Wierichs RJ, Musiol J, Erdwey D, Esteves-Oliveira M, Apel C, Meyer-Lueckel H. Re- and demineralization characteristics of dentin depending on fluoride application and baseline characteristics in situ. J. Dent. 2020;94(January):103305.
46. China ALP, Souza NM, Gomes Y do SB de L, Alexandrino LD, Silva CM. Effect of Fluoride Gels on Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bleached Enamel. Open Dent. J. 2014;8:188–193.
47. Lewinstein I, Fuhrer N, Churaru N, Cardash H. Effect of different peroxide bleaching regimens and subsequent fluoridation on the hardness of human enamel and dentin. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2004 Oct;92(4):337–342.
48. Greenhill JD, Pashley DH. The effects of post-extraction time on the hydraulic conductance of human dentine in vitro. J. Dent. Res. 1981;60(3):686–698.
49. Yilmaz NA, Ertas E, OrucoÄŸlu H. Evaluation of Five Different Desensitizers: A Comparative Dentin Permeability and SEM Investigation In Vitro. Open Dent. J. 2017;11(1):15–33.
50. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL, Serra MC. The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2003;134(10):1335–1342.
51. Reis A, Dalanhol A, Cunha T, Kossatz S, Loguercio A. Assessment of Tooth Sensitivity Using a Desensitizer Before Light-activated Bleaching. Oper. Dent. 2011;36(1):12–17.
52. Palé M, Mayoral JR, Llopis J, Vallés M, Basilio J, Roig M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an in-office bleaching system and the effect of potassium nitrate as a desensitizing agent. Odontology. 2014;102(2):203–210.
53. Hodosh M. A superior desensitizer--potassium nitrate. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1974;88(4):831–832.
54. Featherstone JDB, Cutress TW, Rodgers BE, Dennison PJ. Remineralization of Artificial Caries-Like Lesions in vivo by a self-Administered Mouthrinse or Paste. Caries Res. 1982;16:235–242.
55. Crescente CL, Pinto CF. Análise da sensibilidade após o uso prévio de dessensibilizantes em clareamento dental. Rev. Bras. Odontol. 2016;73(1):34–8.
56. Britto MML. Avaliação clinica do efeito do fluoreto de sodio sobre a sensibilidade dentinaria, a saude gengival e a satisfação do paciente durante o clareamento dental caseiro com peroxido de carbamida a 10% [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2020 Sep 23];Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289126
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2023-11-06
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Revisão de Literatura
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Uso do fluoreto de sódio como dessensibilizante no clareamento dental: uma revisão de literatura. (2023). Revista Da Faculdade De Odontologia - UPF, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v26i2.11696
