Implications of Supernumerary Teeth in Malocclusions and Associated Surgical Aspects: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v31i1.18279Keywords:
Tooth, Supernumerary, Diastema, Malocclusion, Surgery, Oral, Tooth ExtractionAbstract
Supernumerary teeth located in the anterior region, especially mesiodens, are dental anomalies capable of causing significant repercussions on occlusion and esthetics, including midline diastema, crowding, and delayed eruption of permanent incisors. Objective: to synthesize the clinical repercussions of supernumerary teeth on dental occlusion and associated surgical aspects. Method: a bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed database between March and April 2026 using the MeSH descriptors “Tooth, Supernumerary,” “Diastema,” “Malocclusion,” “Surgery, Oral,” and “Tooth Extraction,” combined with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Fourteen studies were included. Results: The results demonstrated a frequent association between anterior supernumerary teeth and eruptive and occlusal alterations, with diastema and crowding being the most prevalent complications. Cone-beam computed tomography stood out as the method of choice for three-dimensional localization and surgical planning, whereas tooth extraction remained the main therapeutic approach, often associated with orthodontic treatment. Technologies such as surgical navigation, augmented reality, and 3D-printed surgical guides showed potential to improve surgical precision and safety. Conclusion: early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for the proper management of these alterations.
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