Effects of Weight-Loss Injectable Medications on Oral Health: An Integrative Literature Review

Abstract

Objective: To analyze, through an integrative literature review, the main oral alterations associated with the use of injectable weight-loss medications, especially glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists, as well as their implications for dental practice. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, including studies published in the last ten years that addressed oral manifestations related to the use of medications such as semaglutide, tirzepatide, and liraglutide. Results: The literature showed an association between the use of these medications and manifestations such as xerostomia, hyposalivation, dysgeusia, recurrent nausea and vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux with erosive potential, mucosal alterations, and possible repercussions on periodontal health. Conclusion: Oral alterations associated with the use of these medications may compromise the homeostasis of the oral cavity and favor the development of oral diseases. These findings reinforce the importance of the dentist’s role in the early identification of these manifestations, clinical follow-up of patients, and adoption of individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies.