A technological perspective for Civil Identification with Blockchain: a systematic review

Abstract

Following the validation of Federal Decree No. 10977 of February 23, 2022, which defines the Citizen Identification Service (Serviço de Identificação do Cidadão) to amend Law no. 7116/83 replaces the current National System of Civil Registry (Sistema Nacional de Registro de Identificação Civil), in which General Identification Cards (RGs) are numbered based on the Civil Registry (Cadastro de Pessoa Física) and expedited with uniform issuance criteria for the entire Brazilian territory, it is of utmost importance that the states adapt their systems to the new standard by March 2023. To this end, the entire system already in place must be adapted to ensure the security of citizens' data and prepare all public administration personnel. The systematic review developed in this article aims to present potential blockchain applications and usage consequences for public administration in different areas, especially in the field of citizen identification, and to introduce its main uses. Based on articles found in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and Science Direct, 21 articles dealing with blockchain, public administration and citizen identification were selected using the PRISMA method. The main applications found dealt with data processing and public data security. Impacts highlighted were improving data management, agility of services provided by public administration, decentralization of data, and ensuring information security. Blockchain technology has the potential to trigger major changes in public service delivery and internal government strategies. In some cases, it may lead to a disengagement of the central authority from the government, which thus becomes responsible for the legitimacy and credibility of this new technology.