Study of the Prevalence of Oral Alterations in a Population of Diabetic Patients in Paraiba State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v24i3.10166Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Manifestations, Public healthAbstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects about 425 million people worldwide, most of whom are unaware of their current health status. The oral cavity may become susceptible to the emergence of numerous alterations resulting from DM such as xerostomia, infections, cheilitis, gingival and periodontal alterations. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral cavity alterations in patients with DM. Material and Method: The sample consisted of 118 individuals with DM seen at the basic family health clinics. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed using a spatula and artificial lighting and were recorded on a previously prepared form. For the statistical analysis, the value of p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the sample, 38 (32.2%) were male and 80 (67.8%) were female, with an average age of 63.6 years. Type 2 DM was the most frequent (n = 109 / 92.4%). A high prevalence of oral alterations was observed, namely: xerostomia, which showed association with medication use (p = 0.049) and a higher periodontal disease frequency in individuals aged ≤ 60 years (p <0.0001). Most of the individuals who used oral hypoglycemic agents did not present the disease (77.8%; p = 0.035). Potentially malignant lesions were associated with males (65.2%, p <0.0001) and individuals aged over 60 years (82.6%, p <0.015). Conclusion: Individuals with DM presented a high prevalence of oral alterations, suggesting that diabetes may influence the development and / or worsening of oral diseases.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Oral Manifestations; Public health.
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