The biologics basis of the platelet-rich plasma

Abstract

The bone atrophy of the jaws, mainly when located in the alveolar ridge, it acts for the patients as functional and aesthetic limitation of the stomatognathic system, because it impedes or difficults, sometimes, the prosthetic rehabilitation through dental implants. For correction of the defect alveolar bone of the mandibular and maxilla, some biomaterials are available and, among them, stand out the autologous graft bone associate to the platelet-rich plasma (PRP), that last one, with the purpose of increasing the phases of the bone repair. PRP is an autologous material, obtained through the centrifugation of autologous venosus blood; it offers a significant concentration of derived growth factors platelets and leukocytes. The growth factors can increase the formation and bone mineralization, to induce mesenchymals cells differentiates in osteoblasts, to promote liberation of other growth factors, to reduce the bone resorption, to promote the angiogenesis and to produce collagen. The objective of this issue was to investigate in the literature the biological basis that shape the performance of the PRP, results of researches and of clinical applications of PRP. It was possible to observe that PRP influences positively the process of bone repair. Key words: platelet-rich plasma, growth factors, autologous bone graft, bone reconstruction, bone atrophy.