HIV infection in pediatric population and its orofacial manifestations

Abstract

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids) is characterized by immunosuppression due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is associated with opportunistic infections, neoplasms and neurological manifestations. It was first recognized in children in 1983 and more than 90% of the cases result from vertical transmis- sion. Although many abnormalities are similar in pediatric and adult HIV infection, there are important differences, including risk factors, type of transmission and orofacial manifestations. This review article emphasizes the importance of re- cognition of these lesions, which are frequently the first signs of infection in children. The most com- monly found orofacial lesions are candidiasis, parotid enlargement and cervical lymphadenopathy. The identification of these alterations may facilitate the diagnosis of HIV infection and the establishment of treatment measures, improving the survival of HIV-infected children. Key words: pediatric dentis- try, AIDS – related opportunistic infections, HIV infection.