Evaluation of the use of alloplastic biomaterials in orbital reconstruction

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the use of resorbable and non-resorbable alloplastic materials in orbital bone reconstruction. Methods: an integrative literature review of an exploratory nature was carried out. Results: The diagnosis and treatment of traumatic facial injuries have made great progress in recent decades, as this is a trauma of multidisciplinary scope, involving dental and medical specialties. Sequelae of inadequate treatment of orbital fractures, such as exophthalmos, restricted ocular mobility and ocular or orbital dystopia, represent aesthetic and functional problems that are very difficult, if not impossible to correct. It was found that in blow-out fractures, titanium is a material favorable to osseointegration, whereas in aesthetic regions, hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate cements are materials that can restore adequate anatomy. In the case of resorbable materials, which are easy to handle, care must be taken regarding possible tissue reactions, however there is no ideal choice criterion, but rather an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages in each case. Conclusion: there is still no consensus on the best material for orbital fractures, therefore, its advantages and disadvantages must always be analyzed according to the degree of the patient's fracture, which is a decision made by the responsible surgeon.