Oral manifestations in patients with acute leukemia: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v29i1.15855Keywords:
Leucemia Aguda, Manifestações Bucais, Aumento gengivalAbstract
Leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells originating from a hematopoietic mutation. Its malignancy can be classified according to the cell lineage, myeloid or lymphoid, and the mode of evolution, acute or chronic. Oral manifestations may be the first signs in a patient suffering from acute leukemia, and are extremely important to obtain an early diagnosis. A search for articles was carried out in the databases Scielo, Pubmed and Virtual Health Library - VHL, between the years 2011 and 2024, using the descriptors “Acute myeloblastic leukemia”, “gingival”, “leukemia”, “Hemorrhage”. 70 articles were collected, and 30 articles were selected in English, Portuguese and Spanish, excluding studies that dealt with chronic leukemia and other neoplasms that were not related to the topic. Among the most common oral manifestations are gingival enlargement, oral ulcers, spontaneous gingival bleeding, petechiae, pale mucosa, viral and fungal infections. The leukemic infiltrate extends to the gingival tissue, causing an increase in gingival thickness and the formation of periodontal pseudopockets, resulting in secondary inflammatory infiltration. Therefore, it was concluded that to define an accurate and early diagnosis, the dental surgeon must recognize these oral changes, given that they can be one of the first signs of the pathology; to form a multidisciplinary team to care for the patient and guarantee a better prognosis.
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