Pigmented oral lesions: clinical decision tree
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v29i1.15857Keywords:
Nevus, Pigmented, melanoma, Pigmentation, HistologyAbstract
Aim: The aim of this literature review is to describe the relevant characteristics of the most prevalent pigmented oral lesions and develop a clinical decision tree to guide the dental surgeon's diagnostic reasoning. Literature Review: Pigmented lesions in the oral cavity form an extensive group of pathologies that range from physiological changes to manifestations of systemic disorders and malignant neoplasms, such as melanoma. Oral pigmentation can have exogenous or endogenous origin, with endogenous pigmentation generally having greater clinical relevance. Certain clinical characteristics of the lesion, such as being disseminated or focal, help in developing diagnostic hypotheses, as well as the patient's history, clinical tests, such as diascopy and radiographs, or laboratory tests, such as a blood test. Conclusion: Melanoma, a malignant proliferation of melanocytes, has a very poor prognosis, and it is essential that the dentist knows the main characteristics of pigmented oral lesions and performs a quick and accurate differential diagnosis.
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