La Fundación Rockefeller y la Sociedad de Naciones: salud pública en Europa (1920-1945)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.21n.3.12845Palabras clave:
Fundación Rockefeller, Sociedad de Naciones, Salud pública internacional, Europa, Período entre guerrasResumen
A Fundação Rockefeller (RF) e a Liga das Nações (LON) desempenharam um papel fundamental nas políticas de estabilização durante o período entre guerras. A saúde pública tornou-se essencial neste contexto devido às consequências imediatas da guerra, da crise económica do pós-guerra e da Grande Depressão. RF e LON tornaram-se a pedra angular da ação internacional em vários campos: epidemias, fome, desnutrição, doenças infecciosas, mortalidade infantil, abuso de drogas, estabelecimento de padrões biológicos e alimentares, registros epidemiológicos, políticas de saúde pública e profissionalização. Na formação da especialização internacional em saúde, a colaboração de LON e RF foi extremamente importante, em termos de determinação de objetivos e programas e em termos de apoio financeiro. Este artigo analisa as áreas e a extensão de sua colaboração na Europa.
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Referencias
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BOILING, L. R.; SMITH, C. Private foreign aid: US philanthropy for relief and development. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
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BOROWY, I. Coming to terms with world health: the League of Nations Health Organisation, 1921-1946. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
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CUETO, M. (Ed.). Missionaries of science: The Rockefeller Foundation and Latin America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.
CURTI, M. American Philanthropy abroad. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
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SMITH, B. H. More than altruism: the politics of private foreign aid. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
STRODE, G. K. Memorandum on the health organisation of the League of Nations and the relationship thereto of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation. RAC, RG 1.1., Series 100, Box 22, Folder 184, p. 5-6. 10 July 1928.
SWAAN, A. Care of the State: health care, education and welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
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TOURNÈS, L. La philanthropie américaine, la Société des Nations et la coproduction d’un ordre international (1919-1946). Relations Internationales, v. 151, p. 25-36, jul.-sep. 2012.
VOGEL, A. Who’s making global civil society: philanthropy and US empire in world society. British Journal of Sociology, v. 57, n. 4, p. 636-65, 2006.
WEINDLING, P. Public health and political stabilisation: The Rockefeller Foundation in Central and Eastern Europe between the two world wars. Minerva, v. 31, p. 253-67, 1993.
WETHERBY, A. The medical activists: humanitarians, activists, and American Medical Relief to Spain and China, 1936-1949. Oxford: PhD Thesis, 2014.
ZINSSER, H. Report on Journey to Russia as epidemic commissioner of Hygienic Section, League of Nations, from June 11th to July 20th, 1923. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 22, Folder 183, 1923.
ZUNZ, O. Philanthropy in America: a history. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
ANNUAL REPORT of the Health Organisation for 1925. Geneva, League of Nations Health Organisation, C.H. 442, 1926.
BARONA, J. L. The European Conference of Rural Health (1930, 1931). En: BARONA, J. L.; CHERRY, S. (Eds.). Health and medicine in Rural Europe (1850-1945). Valencia: PUV, 2005.
BARONA, J. L. Public health experts and scientific authority: international and local approaches. En: ANDRESEN, A.; HUBBARD, W. H.; RYYMIN, T. (eds.). International and local approaches to Health and Health Care. Oslo: Novus Press, 2010. p. 31-48.
BARONA, J. L. The Rockefeller Foundation, public health and international diplomacy. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2015.
BARONA, J. L.; BERNABEU-MESTRE, J. La salud y el estado: el movimiento sanitario internacional y la administración española (1851-1945). València: PUV, 2008.
BERLINER, H. S. A system of scientific medicine: philanthropic Foundations in the Flexner Era. New York & London: Tavistock, 1985.
BERNARD, L. Report on behalf of the Sub-Committee appointed to examine the French Government Proposal for “The Creation of an International School of Advanced Health Studies at Paris”. RAC, RG 6.1, Series 1.1, Box 38, Folder 466, 1930.
BOILING, L. R.; SMITH, C. Private foreign aid: US philanthropy for relief and development. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
BOROWY, I.; GRUNER, W. D. (Eds.). Facing illness in troubled times: health in Europe in the Interwar Years, 1918-1939. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2005.
BOROWY, I. Coming to terms with world health: the League of Nations Health Organisation, 1921-1946. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
BOYCE, R. R. The Great Interwar crisis and the collapse of globalisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
BREMNER, R. H. American philanthropy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
BROWN, E. R. Rockefeller medicine men: medicine and capitalism in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
BUCHANAN, G. Letter to MADSEN, Torvald. RAC, RG 6.1, Series 1.1, Box 38, Folder 471. 27 July 1922.
CUETO, M. (Ed.). Missionaries of science: The Rockefeller Foundation and Latin America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.
CURTI, M. American Philanthropy abroad. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL Intelligence Bureau in the Far East. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 170, 1925.
FARLEY, J. To cast out disease: a history of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (1913-1951). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
FRIEDMAN, L. J.; MCGARVIE, M. D. (Eds.). Charity, philanthropy, and civility in American History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
GRANT for the maintenance of a system of interchange of public health personnel on an international scale. RAC, RG1.1. Series 100, Box 21, Folder 175, 1930, p. 1.
GUNN, S. Letter to F.F. Russell. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 169. 23 October 1925.
LEAGUE of Nations Health Organisation. Information Section. Geneva, 1931, p. 18.
LÖWY, I.; ZYLBERMAN, P. (Eds.). Introduction: Medicine as a social instrument: Rockefeller Foundation, 1913-45. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, v. 31, n. 3, p. 365-379, 2000.
PAGE, B. B.; VALONE, D. A. (Eds.). Philanthropic Foundations and the globalization of scientific medicine and public health. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007.
PETERSEN, K.; STEWART, J.; SØRENSEN, M. K. (Eds.). American Foundations and European Welfare States. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2013.
RAJCHMAN, L. W. The League of Nations Health Organisation: what it is and how it works? Rockefeller Archive Center. RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 165. 18 November 1921.
RAJCHMAN, L. W. Report on the Epidemic Situation in Eastern Europe. Rockefeller Archive Center, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 165. 18 February 1922a.
RAJCHMAN, L. to ROSE, Wicklife. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 164, 1922b.
RAJCHMAN, L. Review of the experience of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations with the ystem of Interchange of Public Health Personnel. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 20, Folder 172, 1928.
REPORT of the Health Committee to the Permanent Committee. League of Nations Archives, A.22,1924. III.
ROSE, W. Epidemic control in Europe, and the League. American Review of Reviews, v. 46, p. 2, 1922.
ROSENBERG, E. S. Spreading the American dream: American economic and cultural expansion, 1890-1945. New York: Hill & Wang, 1982.
SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1930. Subjects for teaching… Report from G. K. Strode to F. Russell. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 21, Folder 175, 1930.
SEALANDER, J. Private wealth and public life: foundation philanthropy and the reshaping of American social policy from the progressive Era to the New Deal. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
SMITH, B. H. More than altruism: the politics of private foreign aid. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
STRODE, G. K. Memorandum on the health organisation of the League of Nations and the relationship thereto of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation. RAC, RG 1.1., Series 100, Box 22, Folder 184, p. 5-6. 10 July 1928.
SWAAN, A. Care of the State: health care, education and welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
TEN YEARS of World Co-operation. Secretariat of the League of Nations. London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, 1930.
TOURNÈS, L. La philanthropie américaine, la Société des Nations et la coproduction d’un ordre international (1919-1946). Relations Internationales, v. 151, p. 25-36, jul.-sep. 2012.
VOGEL, A. Who’s making global civil society: philanthropy and US empire in world society. British Journal of Sociology, v. 57, n. 4, p. 636-65, 2006.
WEINDLING, P. Public health and political stabilisation: The Rockefeller Foundation in Central and Eastern Europe between the two world wars. Minerva, v. 31, p. 253-67, 1993.
WETHERBY, A. The medical activists: humanitarians, activists, and American Medical Relief to Spain and China, 1936-1949. Oxford: PhD Thesis, 2014.
ZINSSER, H. Report on Journey to Russia as epidemic commissioner of Hygienic Section, League of Nations, from June 11th to July 20th, 1923. RAC, RG 1.1, Series 100, Box 22, Folder 183, 1923.
ZUNZ, O. Philanthropy in America: a history. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
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2021-08-20
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La Fundación Rockefeller y la Sociedad de Naciones: salud pública en Europa (1920-1945). (2021). Revista História: Debates E Tendências, 21(3), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.21n.3.12845
