The normative-historical evolution of the international regime for the protection of whales before the Second World War:
between stability and transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440Keywords:
International Whales Protection Regime, Stability, TransformationAbstract
Within the scope of International Law, in its historical nature, this scientific article has the general objective to investigate the historical-normative evolution of the international regime for the protection of whales before the Second World War. As specific objectives, there are: (I) To describe, in a contextual and synthetic way, the international regime for the protection of whales before the Second World War; (II) To analyze the 1931 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the 1937 Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling and the 1938 Protocol on the Modification of the 1937 Agreement. As a research problem, it was established: How was the historical-normative evolution of the international regime for the protection of whales constituted in the period before the Second World War? In addition to the exploratory-bibliographic research technique, the analytical-normative research method, of a deductive nature, was adopted. Finally, the legal regime for whaling regulation developed before the Second World War was outlined between the stability of the whaling industry and transformation through the initial protection of whaling species itself.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
ACORDO DE 1937. International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling. London, June 8th, 1937. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
Downloads
Published
2022-08-31
Issue
Section
Artigos Livres
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and the citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access).How to Cite
The normative-historical evolution of the international regime for the protection of whales before the Second World War:: between stability and transformation. (2022). História: Debates E Tendências, 22(3), 172-195. https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440
