La evolución histórico-normativa del régimen internacional para la protección de las ballenas antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial:
entre la estabilidad y la transformación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440Palabras clave:
Régimen Internacional de Protección de Ballenas, Estabilidad, TransformaciónResumen
Insertado en el ámbito del Derecho Internacional, en su carácter histórico, este artículo científico tiene como objetivo general investigar la evolución histórico-normativa del régimen internacional para la protección de las ballenas antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como objetivos específicos se tienen: (I) Describir, de manera contextual y sintética, el régimen internacional para la protección de las ballenas antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial; (II) Analizar la Convención Internacional para la Regulación de la Pesca Ballenera de 1931, el Acuerdo para la Regulación de la Pesca Ballenera de 1937 y el Protocolo de Modificación de 1938 del Acuerdo de 1937. Como problema de investigación se estableció: ¿Cómo se constituyó la evolución histórico-normativa del régimen internacional para la protección de las ballenas en el período previo a la Segunda Guerra Mundial? Además de la técnica de investigación exploratoria-bibliográfica, se adoptó el método de investigación analítico-normativo, de carácter deductivo. Finalmente, se concluye que el régimen jurídico de regulación de la caza de ballenas se desarrolló, antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, entre la estabilidad de la industria ballenera y la transformación a través de la protección inicial de la propia especie ballenera.
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Referencias
ACORDO DE 1937. International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling. London, June 8th, 1937. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
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2022-08-31
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La evolución histórico-normativa del régimen internacional para la protección de las ballenas antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial:: entre la estabilidad y la transformación. (2022). Revista História: Debates E Tendências, 22(3), 172-195. https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440
