A evolução histórico-normativa do regime internacional de proteção às baleias antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial:
entre estabilidade e transformação
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440Mots-clés :
Regime internacional de proteção às baleias, Estabilidade, TransformaçãoRésumé
Inserido no âmbito do Direito Internacional, em seu cariz histórico, este artigo científico tem por objetivo geral investigar a evolução histórico-normativa do regime internacional de proteção às baleias anterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como objetivos específicos, tem-se: (I) Descrever, de modo contextual e sintético, o regime internacional de proteção às baleias antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial; (II) Analisar a Convenção Internacional para a Regulamentação da Pesca da Baleia de 1931, o Acordo para a Regulamentação da Pesca da Baleia de 1937 e o Protocolo de 1938 sobre modificação do Acordo de 1937. Como problema de pesquisa, estabeleceu-se: De que modo se constituiu, no período anterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial, a evolução histórico-normativa do regime internacional de proteção às baleias? Para além da técnica de pesquisa exploratório-bibliográfica, adotou-se como método de pesquisa o analítico-normativo, de natureza dedutiva. Por fim, concluiu-se que que o regime jurídico de regulamentação da pesca da baleia desenvolvera-se, antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial, entre a estabilidade da indústria baleeira e a transformação por meio da proteção inicial das espécies baleeiras em si.
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Références
ACORDO DE 1937. International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling. London, June 8th, 1937. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
BETTINK, H. W. Wefers. Open registry, the genuine link and the 1986 Convention on regulation conditions for ships. In: Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, v. 18, 1987. p. 69-110.
BIRNIE, Patricia W. ‪International regulation of whaling: From conservation of whaling to conservation of whales and regulation of whale watching. v. 1. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.‬ p. 01-574. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
BOCK, Peter Gidon. A study in international regulation: The case of whaling. Unpublished thesis. New York, New York University, 1966.
BRASIL. Decreto n. 23.456, de 14 de novembro de 1933. Promulga a Convenção para a regulamentação da pesca da baleia, firmada em Genebra, a 24 de Setembro de 1931. Disponível em: < http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaTextoIntegral.action?id=24278 >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
CARLARNE, Cinnamon Pinon. Saving the whales in the new millennium: International institutions, recent developments and the future of international whaling policies. In: Virginia Environmental Law Journal, v. 24, n. 1, 2005. p. 01-48.
CIRIACY-WANTRUP, S. V. Resource conservation. Economics and policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
CONVENÇÃO DE 1931. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Geneva, September 24, 1931. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1934/TS0033.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
D’AMATO, Anthony; CHOPRA, Sudhir K. Whales: Their emerging right to life. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 85, n. 1, 1991. p. 21-62.
DORSEY, Kurkpatrick. Whales and nations: Environmental diplomacy on the high seas. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2014.
FITZMAURICE, Malgosia. Whaling in international law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
GRIEVES, Forest L. Leviathan, the International Whaling Commission and conservation as environmental aspects of international law. In: Western Political Quarterly, v. 25, n. 4, 1972. p. 711-725.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2014, p. 226.
JESSUP, Philip C. L’exploitation des richesses de la mer. In: Recueil des cours de l’Académie du droit international de La Haye, v. 29, 1929. p. 401-513.
JOHNSTON, Douglas M. ‪The international law of fisheries: A framework for policy-oriented inquiries‬. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
KALLAND, Arne; MOERAN, Brian. Japanese Whaling?: End of an era. London: Routledge, 2013.
KOBAYASHI, Lisa. Lifting the International Whaling Commission’s moratorium on commercial whaling as the most effective global regulation of whaling. In: Environs: Environmental Law & Policy, v. 29, n. 2, 2006. p. 177-220.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Marina de Andrade. Fundamentos da metodologia científica. 5. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.
LEONARD, L. Larry. Recent negotiations toward the international regulation of whaling. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 35, 1941. p. 90-113.
PROTOCOLO DE 1938. Protocol amending the International Agreement of June 8, 1937 for the Regulation of Whaling. Signed at London, June 24th, 1938. Disponível em: < http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1938/TS0037.pdf >. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
SCARFF, James E. The international management of whales, dolphins, and porpoises: An interdisciplinary assessment (I). In: Ecology Law Quarterly, v. 6, 1977. p. 326-426.
SMITH, Gare. The International Whaling Commission: An analysis of the past and reflections on the future. In: Natural Resources Journal, v. 16, n. 4, 1984. p. 543-567.
TANAKA, Yoshifumi. The international law of the sea. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
VALLANCE, William Roy. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and the Act of the Congress giving effect to its provisions. In: American Journal of International Law, v. 31, n. 1, 1937. p. 112-119.
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Publiée
2022-08-31
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Artigos Livres
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A evolução histórico-normativa do regime internacional de proteção às baleias antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial:: entre estabilidade e transformação. (2022). Revista História: Debates E Tendências, 22(3), 172-195. https://doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.22n.3.13440
